Results: Although no Type I, II, or III SNEs were identified in any specimen, type IVa mechanoreceptor (FNEs) was immunohistochemically characterized in 13 (34%) pulvinar, 19 (50%) LT, and 16 (42%) HJC specimens. Additionally, children were sorted into three groups based on their age at the time of surgery: Group 1 (age 5 years 9 hips of 8 children). SNEs were analyzed immunohistochemically using a mouse monoclonal antibody against S-100 Beta Protein based on the classification of Freeman and Wyke including four types of SNEs including mechanoreceptors: type I Ruffini corpuscles, type II Pacini corpuscles, type III Golgi organs, and type IVa unmyelinated free nerve endings (FNEs). To determine tissue morphology, haematoxylin and eosin staining was used. All specimens underwent subsequent routine tissue processing (formalin fixation and paraffin embedding). ![]() Methods: Pulvinar, LT, and HJC specimens were obtained from 38 hips of 36 children (31 girls, five boys mean age=49 months age range=18-132 months) during open reduction surgery for DDH. Objective: The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically identify and characterize the presence of sensory nerve endings (SNEs) in pulvinar, ligamentum teres (LT), and hip joint capsule (HJC) of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
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